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A bus lane or bus only lane is a lane restricted to buses, often on certain days and times, and generally used to speed up public transport that would be otherwise held up by traffic congestion. Certain other vehicles may also be permitted, such as taxis, high occupancy vehicles, motorcycles, or bicycles.〔(The Use of Bus Lanes by Motorcycles ) (from Traffic Advisory Leaflet 2/07, Department for Transport, United Kingdom)〕 Bus lanes are a key component of a high-quality bus rapid transit (BRT) network. The related terms busway and bus gate describe a roadway ''all of whose lanes are restricted'' to buses or authorized vehicles. By contrast, a dedicated bus ''lane'' may occupy only part of a roadway which also has lanes serving general automotive traffic. The term "bus gate" is relatively new, and used primarily in the UK. ==History== According to the American Public Transportation Association (APTA)〔(Milestones in U.S. Public Transportation History ) (from the APTA website. Retrieved 2007-12-06.)〕 and the National Transit Database (NTD),〔(History of the NTD and Transit in the US ) (from the NTD website. Retrieved 2007-12-06.)〕 the world's first designated bus lane was created in Chicago in 1940. The first bus lanes in Europe were established in 1963 in the German city of Hamburg. Other large German cities soon followed, and the implementation of bus lanes was officially sanctioned in the German highway code in 1970. Many experts from other countries (Japan among the first) studied the German example and implemented similar solutions. On January 15, 1964 the first bus lane in France was designated along the ''quai du Louvre'' in Paris and the first contraflow lane was established on the old ''pont de l’Alma'' on June 15, 1966.〔(''Les zones bleues et les couloirs pour autobus'' ) (from the AMTUIR website, Musée des Transports Urbains. Retrieved 2007-12-06.)〕 On 26 February 1968 the first bus lane in London was put into service on Vauxhall Bridge. The first contraflow bus lane in the UK was introduced in King's Road, Reading as a temporary measure when the road was made one-way (eastwards to Cemetery Junction) on 16 June 1968. The initial reason was to save the expense of rerouting the trolleybus, which was due to be scrapped on 3 November of that year. However the experiment proved so successful that it was made permanent for use by motor buses.〔(WHEN Mrs. Barbara Castle, in her role of Minister of | 15th August 1969 | The Commercial Motor Archive )〕 By 1972 there were over of with-flow bus lanes in 100 cities within OECD member countries, and the network grew substantially in the following decades.〔(''Assessing travel time impacts of measures to enhance bus operations'' ) - Jepson, D.; Ferreira, L., ''Road & Transport Research'', December 1999. Retrieved 2007-12-06.)〕 The El Monte Busway between El Monte and Downtown Los Angeles was the first dedicated busway in the US, constructed in 1974.〔(Los Angeles ) (from the San Francisco Metropolitan Transportation Commission website. Retrieved 2007-12-06.)〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Bus lane」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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